LexMeta
LexMeta, a metadata model for lexical resources
LexMeta follows the three-level entity hierarchy for the representation of artistic or creative endavour proposed in the FRBR ontology, widely used in libraries, which we map to the two-level hierarchy for the representation of Lexical-Conceptual Resource (LCR) metadata proposed in Metashare, from where we inherit the terminology, and the definitions. These hierarchy levels, expressed as classes, are the following:
| FRBR class | Metashare class | LexMeta class | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| frbr:Work | Lexicographic work (LexBib Q41) | FRBR: An abstract notion of a creation; used to group different expressions (editions, versions) of the same work, and address statements that apply on work level. | |
| frbr:Expression | ms:LexicalConceptualResource | LCR (LexBib Q4) | MetaShare: A resource organised on the basis of lexical or conceptual entries (lexical items, terms, concepts, etc.) with their supplementary information (e.g., grammatical, semantic, statistical information, etc.) |
| frbr:Manifestation | ms:DatasetDistribution | LCR Distribution (LexBib Q24) | MetaShare: Any form with which a dataset is distributed, such as a downloadable form in a specific format (e.g., spreadsheet, plain text, etc.) or an API with which it can be accessed |
The entity Schemata for LexMeta LCR and LCR Distributions are aligned to those of the corresponding FRBR and Metashare classes (in other words, the LexBib class is a subclass of both). This has several implications:
- Properties that describe LCR content are attached to items of class LCR (LexBib Q4).
- Properties that describe the LCR distribution, e.g. a physical dictionay in book form, or an electronic dictionary in a dictionary web portal or as downloadable dataset, are attached to LCR Distribution (LexBib Q24) items.
- LCR Distribution (LexBib Q24) items, when they have publication metadata as books have, are LexBib Zotero items, i.e. in LexBib wikibase, members of class LexBib BibItem. This applies mainly to book publications, and distributions on CD-ROM. But also online electronic dictionaries are collected in library information systems and can have publication metadata, and can exist as LexBib Zotero items.
- A dictionary with the same contents in printed form, on CD-ROM, available in a mobile app, or downloadable in different serialization formats (XML, JSON, etc.) will be represented as the same LCR (LexBib Q4) with different distributions (LexBib Q24).
- Different versions, editions, conversions, summaries, etc., of a lexicographic work will be represented as different LCR (LexBib Q4) items, being able to describe relations between these using properties defined in Metashare.
Description of lexical-conceptual resources (LCR), such as dictionaries
LexMeta provides categories for classifying dictionaries and other lexical resources, here called properties attached to LCR. Properties and range (i.e., the datatype or class of items that is accepted as object of a property), are defined as listed in the following table. Click on the range class names to see the member terms in a hierarchical representation.
Note: This is still in sandbox stage.
| LexBib property | Property label | LexBib Range | LexMeta | Definition text / [comment] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Providence | ||||||
| P154 | LCR creator | Person (Q5) | ms:resourceCreator | [Subproperty of P12 "author".] | ||
| P155 | IPR holder | Agent (Q14) | ms:iprHolder | |||
| P156 | LCR name | monolingualtext | ms:resourceName | [Subproperty of P6 "title".] | ||
| P97 | short title | ms:resourceShortName | ||||
| P15 | publication date | time object | ms:publicationDate | |||
| P157 | LCR provider | Agent (Q14) | ms:resourceProvider | [Subproperty of P35 "publisher".] | ||
| P153 | publication place | Place (Q9) | ||||
| Dictionary Sructure and Type | ||||||
| P151 | lemma type | Lemma Type (Q50) | ||||
| P115 | linguality type | Linguality Type (Q37) | ms:lingualityType | Indicates whether the resource includes one, two or more languages | ||
| P119 | lexicographical process type | Lexicographical Process Type (Q42) | ms:creationMode ?? | |||
| P90 | dictionary scope type | Dictionary Scope (Q35) | ms:contentType ?? | |||
| P120 | dictionary function type | Dictionary Function Type (Q44) | NOT ms:userType | |||
| P121 | dictionary access type | Access Structure Type (Q39) | ||||
| P152 | dictionary text part | Dictionary Text Part (Q52) | ||||
| P127 | microstructure feature | Microstructure Feature (Q51) | ms:linguisticInformation | Provides a more detailed account of the linguistic information contained in the lexical/conceptual resource | ||
| P55 | has distribution | LCR Distribution (Q24) | ms:distribution | Links a language resource to the various forms with which it is distributed | ||
| P150 | source language | Language (Q8) | ||||
| P134 | target language | Language (Q8) | ||||
| P56 | object language | Language (Q8) | ms:language | Specifies the language that is used in the resource or supported by the tool/service | ||
| P122 | metalanguage | Language (Q8) | ms:metalanguage | Specifies the language that is used as support for the resource (e.g., English for a grammar of French described in English or for a French dictionary with English definitions) | ||
| P161 | number of entries | string | ||||
| Relations to other LCR | ||||||
| P135 | replaces LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:replaces | Links to LR B that is an older version of LR A (the one being described) and has been replaced by it | ||
| P133 | is version of LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isVersionOf | Links to LR B that is a version (corrected, annotated, enriched, processed, etc.) of LR A (the one being described) | ||
| P125 | is part of LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isPartOf | Links to LR B which contains LR A (the one being described), e.g., a bilingual corpus that includes a monolingual corpus | ||
| P136 | is similar to LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isSimilarTo | Links to LR B that bears resemblances to LR A (the one being described), e.g., they have been built with the same theoretical principles or are the same with different formats or processed at the same level with different tools | ||
| P137 | is related to LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isRelatedToLR | Links to a language resource that holds a relation with the entity being described (without further specification of the relation type) | ||
| P138 | is exact match with LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isExactMatchWith | Links to LR B that has the same contents with LR A; they may have different names or the same name and be stored on different locations | ||
| P139 | is part with LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isPartWith | Links to LR B that together with LR A (the one being described) are parts of LR C | ||
| P140 | is continuation of LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isContinuationOf | Links to LR B that forms the basis of LR A (the one being described) upon which it has continued to extend / enrich | ||
| P141 | is converted version of LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isConvertedVersionOf | Links to LR B that has been the outcome of a conversion procedure from LR A (the one being described), e.g., a PDF to text conversion | ||
| P142 | has original source LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:hasOriginalSource | Links a language resource to the original source that has been used for its creation, where it's derived or elicited from | ||
| P143 | has LCR as part | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:hasPart | Links to LR B which is contained in LR A (the one being described), e.g., a monolingual corpus part of a bilingual corpus | ||
| P144 | has LCR as version | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:hasVersion | Links to LR B that is a version of LR A (the one being described) | ||
| P145 | is combined with LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isCombinedWith | Links to a LR B that has been used together with LR A (the one being described) to create LR C, e.g., two monolingual wordnets/corpora aligned to produce a bilingual resource | ||
| P63 | is continued by LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isContinuedBy | Links to a LR B that extends / continues / enriches LR A (the one being described) | ||
| P124 | is replaced with LCR | Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4) | ms:isReplacedWith | Links to LR B that is a newer version of LR A (the one being described) and replaces it | ||
Description of LCR distributions, such as dictionaries distributed in printed or electronic form
Manuscript, printed, and offline and online electronic dictionary distributions are represented using the same set of properties as for LexBib metalexicographical articles. They can also be listed in LexBib Zotero. The following table lists properties that are attached to LCR distributions (Q24) specifically, and to bibliographical items (Q3) in general. Publication metadata properties are described in the BIBO ontology (RDF), and Zotero item data fields map to BIBO.
| LexBib property | Property label | LexBib Range | Wikidata equiv. | BIBO equiv. | LexMeta equiv. | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties specific to LCR distributions (Q24) | ||||||
| P91 | distribution type | LCR Distribution Type (Q43) | ms:distributionForm | |||
| Properties specific to bibliographical items (Q3) in general | ||||||
| P2 | wikidata entity | external ID | ||||
| P16 | LexBib Zotero item | external ID | ||||
| P100 | bibitem type | BibItem Type (Q21) | ||||
| P6 | title | monolingualtext | wd:P1476 | dct:title | ||
| P9 | containing BibCollection | BibCollection (Q12) | ||||
| P11 | publication language | Language (Q8) | wd:P407 | dct:language | ||
| P12 | author | Person (Q5) | wd:P50 | bibo:authorList | ||
| P13 | editor | Person (Q5) | wd:P98 | bibo:editorList | ||
| P15 | publication date | time object | wd:P577 | dct:date | ||
| P35 | publisher | Agent (Q14) | ||||
| P153 | publication place | Place (Q9) | wd:P291 | |||
| P17 | DOI | external ID | wd:P356 | bibo:doi | ||
| P18 | ISBN-13 | external ID | wd:P212 | bibo:isbn13 | ||
| P19 | ISBN-10 | external ID | wd:P957 | bibo:isbn10 | ||
| P20 | ISSN | external ID | wd:P236 | bibo:issn | ||
| P21 | distribution location | url | wd:P953 | ms:distributionLocation | ||
| P44 | official website | url | wd:P856 | |||
| P111 | BibCollection landing page | url | ||||
| P112 | access location | url | ms:accessLocation | |||
| P113 | download location | url | ms:downloadLocation | |||
| P22 | volume | string | wd:P478 | bibo:volume | ||
| P23 | issue | string | wd:P433 | bibo:issue | ||
| P24 | page(s) | string | wd:P304 | bibo:pages | ||
| P29 | first author location | Place (Q9) | ||||
| P36 | event | Event (Q6) | ||||
| P64 | edition number | string | wd:P393 | |||
| P85 | Elexifinder collection | string | ||||
| P97 | short title | |||||
| P27 | subject | Term (Q7) | dct:subject | |||
| P26 | is reviewed in | Review Article (Q15) | schema:review | |||
| P25 | is review of | BibItem (Q3) | wd:P6977 | bibo:reviewOf | ||
| P147 | cites | BibItem (Q3) | wd:P2860 | bibo:cites | ||
Database Queries
- List of LexBib entities and LexMeta RDF equivalents: Query.
- Graph representation of test items (Lexicographic Work, LCR, and LCR distributions): Query.
Related Documents
- The development of LexMeta was started through a Virtual Mobility Action in the framework of NexusLinguarum. See the final report and the final short report.
- See which Dictionaries are already contained in LexBib.