LexMeta, a metadata model for lexical resources

LexMeta follows the three-level entity hierarchy for the representation of artistic or creative endavour proposed in the FRBR ontology, widely used in libraries, which we map to the two-level hierarchy for the representation of LCR metadata proposed in Metashare, from where we inherit the terminology, and the definitions. These hierarchy levels, expressed as classes, are the following:

FRBR class	Metashare class	LexMeta class	MetaShare definition
frbr:Work		Lexicographic work	[An abstract notion of a creation; used to group different expressions (editions, versions) of the same work, and address statements that apply on work level.]
frbr:Expression	ms:LexicalConceptualResource	LexicalConceptualResource	A resource organised on the basis of lexical or conceptual entries (lexical items, terms, concepts, etc.) with their supplementary information (e.g., grammatical, semantic, statistical information, etc.)
frbr:Manifestation	ms:DatasetDistribution	LCR Distribution	Any form with which a dataset is distributed, such as a downloadable form in a specific format (e.g., spreadsheet, plain text, etc.) or an API with which it can be accessed

The entity Schemata for LexMeta LCR and LCR Distributions are aligned to those of the corresponding FRBR and Metashare classes (in other words, the LexBib class is a subclass of both). This has several implications:

Properties that describe LCR content are attached to items of class LexicalConceptualResource.
Properties that describe the LCR distribution, e.g. a physical dictionay in book form, or an electronic dictionary in a dictionary web portal or as downloadable dataset, are attached to LCR Distribution items.
LCR Distribution items, when they have publication metadata as books have, are LexBib Zotero items, i.e. in LexBib wikibase, members of class LexBib BibItem. This applies mainly for book publications, and distributions on CD-ROM. But also online electronic dictionaries are collected in library information systems and can have publication metadata, and can exist as LexBib Zotero items. Publication metadata properties are described in the BIBO ontology (RDF), and Zotero item data fields map to BIBO.
A dictionary with the same contents in printed form, on CD-ROM, available in a mobile app, or downloadable in different serialization formats (XML, JSON, etc.) will be represented as the same resource (LexicalConceptualResource) with different distributions (LCR Distribution).
Different versions, editions, conversions, summaries, etc., of a lexicographic work will be represented as different LexicalConceptualResource items, being able to describe relations between these using properties defined in Metashare.

Description of lexical-conceptual resources (LCR) such as dictionaries

LexMeta provides categories for classifying dictionaries and other lexical resources, here called properties attached to LCR. Property ranges are defined as listed in the following table. Click on the class names to see the member terms in a hierarchical representation.

LexBib property

Property label

LexBib Range

Wikidata

LexMeta

LexMeta Range

Definition

P2

wikidata entity

external ID

P5

instance of

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

wd:P31

Dictionary Sructure and Type

P151

lemma type

Lemma Type (Q50)

P115

linguality type

Linguality Type (Q37)

ms:lingualityType

P119

lexicographical process type

Lexicographical Process Type (Q42)

ms:creationMode ??

P90

dictionary scope type

Dictionary Scope (Q35)

ms:contentType ??

P120

dictionary function type

Dictionary Function Type (Q44)

NOT ms:userType

P121

dictionary access type

Access Structure Type (Q39)

P152

dictionary text part

Dictionary Text Part (Q52)

P127

microstructure feature

Microstructure Feature (Q51)

ms:linguisticInformation

P55

has distribution

LCR Distribution (Q24)

ms:distribution

P150

source language

Language (Q8)

P134

target language

Language (Q8)

P56

object language

Language (Q8)

ms:language

P122

metalanguage

Language (Q8)

ms:metalanguage

Providence

P12

author

Person (Q5)

wd:P50

ms:resourceCreator

P13

editor

Person (Q5)

wd:P98

ms:isEditedby

P6

title

monolingualtext

wd:P1476

ms:resourceName

P97

short title

ms:resourceShortName

P15

publication date

time object

wd:P577

ms:publicationDate

P35

publisher

Agent (Q14)

ms:resourceProvider

<TBD>

publication place

Place (Q9)

Relations to other LCR

P135

replaces LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:replaces

Links to LR B that is an older version of LR A (the one being described) and has been replaced by it

P133

is version of LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:isVersionOf

Links to LR B that is a version (corrected, annotated, enriched, processed, etc.) of LR A (the one being described)

P125

is part of LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:isPartOf

Links to LR B which contains LR A (the one being described), e.g., a bilingual corpus that includes a monolingual corpus

P136

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is similar to LCR

ms:isSimilarTo

Links to LR B that bears resemblances to LR A (the one being described), e.g., they have been built with the same theoretical principles or are the same with different formats or processed at the same level with different tools

P137

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is related to LCR

ms:isRelatedToLR

Links to a language resource that holds a relation with the entity being described (without further specification of the relation type)

P138

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is exact match with LCR

ms:isExactMatchWith

Links to LR B that has the same contents with LR A; they may have different names or the same name and be stored on different locations

P139

is part with LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:isPartWith

Links to LR B that together with LR A (the one being described) are parts of LR C

P140

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is continuation of LCR

ms:isContinuationOf

Links to LR B that forms the basis of LR A (the one being described) upon which it has continued to extend / enrich

P141

is converted version of LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:isConvertedVersionOf

Links to LR B that has been the outcome of a conversion procedure from LR A (the one being described), e.g., a PDF to text conversion

P142

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

has original source LCR

ms:hasOriginalSource

Links a language resource to the original source that has been used for its creation, where it's derived or elicited from

P143

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

has LCR as part

ms:hasPart

Links to LR B which is contained in LR A (the one being described), e.g., a monolingual corpus part of a bilingual corpus

P144

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

has LCR as version

ms:hasVersion

Links to LR B that is a version of LR A (the one being described)

P145

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is combined with LCR

ms:isCombinedWith

Links to a LR B that has been used together with LR A (the one being described) to create LR C, e.g., two monolingual wordnets/corpora aligned to produce a bilingual resource

P63

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

is continued by LCR

ms:isContinuedBy

Links to a LR B that extends / continues / enriches LR A (the one being described)

P124

is replaced with LCR

Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)

ms:isReplacedWith

Links to LR B that is a newer version of LR A (the one being described) and replaces it}

Description of LCR distributions, such as printed or electronic dictionaries

Manuscript, printed, and offline and online electronic dictionaries, as distributions are represented using the same set of properties as for LexBib metalexicographical articles. They can also be listed in LexBib Zotero.

LexBib property	Property label	Range	Wikidata equiv.	BIBO equiv.	LexMeta equiv.
P100	bibitem type	BibItem Type (Q21)
P91	distribution type	Dictionary Distribution Type (Q43)			ms:distributionForm
P16	LexBib Zotero item	external ID
P2	wikidata entity	external ID
P5	instance of	LexBib Ontology Class (Q2)	wd:P31
P6	title	monolingualtext	wd:P1476	dct:title
P9	containing BibCollection	BibCollection (Q12)
P11	publication language	Language (Q8)	wd:P407	dct:language
P12	author	Person (Q5)	wd:P50	bibo:authorList
P13	editor	Person (Q5)	wd:P98	bibo:editorList
P15	publication date	time object	wd:P577	dct:date
P35	publisher	Agent (Q14)
<TBD>	publication place	Place (Q9)	wd:P291
P17	DOI	external ID	wd:P356	bibo:doi
P18	ISBN-13	external ID	wd:P212	bibo:isbn13
P19	ISBN-10	external ID	wd:P957	bibo:isbn10
P20	ISSN	external ID	wd:P236	bibo:issn
P21	distribution location	url	wd:P953		ms:distributionLocation
P44	official website	url	wd:P856
P111	BibCollection landing page	url
P112	access location	url			ms:accessLocation
P113	download location	url			ms:downloadLocation
P22	volume	string	wd:P478	bibo:volume
P23	issue	string	wd:P433	bibo:issue
P24	page(s)	string	wd:P304	bibo:pages
P29	first author location	Place (Q9)
P36	event	Event (Q6)
P64	edition number	string	wd:P393
P85	Elexifinder collection	string
P97	short title
P27	subject	Term (Q7)		dct:subject
P26	is reviewed in	Review Article (Q15)		schema:review
P25	is review of	BibItem (Q3)	wd:P6977	bibo:reviewOf
P147	cites	BibItem (Q3)	wd:P2860	bibo:cites