auxiliary (Q14851): Difference between revisions

From LexBib
(‎Created claim: altLabel translation (P130): apuverbejä)
(‎Removed claim: LexBib v2 legacy ID (P1): Q23809)
 
(209 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
label / itlabel / it
verbo ausiliare
ausiliare
label / rolabel / ro
verb auxiliar
Verb auxiliar
label / calabel / ca
verb auxiliar
auxiliar
label / ltlabel / lt
 
pagalbinis veiksmažodis
label / eulabel / eu
 
aditz laguntzaile
label / gllabel / gl
 
verbo auxiliar
aliases / ca / 0aliases / ca / 0
 
verb auxiliar
aliases / it / 0aliases / it / 0
 
verbo ausiliare
aliases / es / 0aliases / es / 0
 
auxiliar
aliases / gl / 0aliases / gl / 0
 
auxiliar
aliases / da / 0aliases / da / 0
 
hjælpeudsagnsord
aliases / nl / 0aliases / nl / 0
 
verbum auxiliare
aliases / eu / 0aliases / eu / 0
 
aditz laguntzaile
Property / LexBib v2 legacy ID
 
Property / LexBib v2 legacy ID: Q23809 / rank
Normal rank
 
Property / skos:definition: formal auxilliary verbs / qualifier
 
Property / skos:definition: formal auxilliary verbs / reference
 
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItemsProperty / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems
95
360
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems: 360 / qualifier
 
source name: LexBib en/es 07-2022
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems: 95 / qualifier
source name: LexBib Aug 2021
 
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems
210
 
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems: 210 / rank
Normal rank
 
Property / occurs in # of LexBib BibItems: 210 / qualifier
source name: LexBib Oct 2021 stopterms
 
Property / prefLabel translationProperty / prefLabel translation
verb auxiliar (Catalan)
auxiliar (Catalan)
Property / prefLabel translation: auxiliar (Catalan) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation: verb auxiliar (Catalan) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Czech) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Czech) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation: hjælpeverbum (Danish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation: hjælpeverbum (Danish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: verb auxiliar (Catalan) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: verb auxiliar (Catalan) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Czech) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Czech) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: hjælpeudsagnsord (Danish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: hjælpeudsagnsord (Danish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation: apuverbejä (Finnish) / qualifier
 
Property / skos:broader
 
Property / skos:broader: verb / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / wikidata entity
 
Property / wikidata entity: Q465800 / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation
 
verbe auxiliaire (French)
Property / prefLabel translation: verbe auxiliaire (French) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: verbe auxiliaire (French) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Briathar cúnta (Irish)
Property / prefLabel translation: Briathar cúnta (Irish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Briathar cúnta (Irish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
verbo auxiliar (Galician)
Property / prefLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Galician) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Galician) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
פועל עזר (Hebrew)
Property / prefLabel translation: פועל עזר (Hebrew) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: פועל עזר (Hebrew) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
pomoćni glagol (Croatian)
Property / prefLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Croatian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Croatian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
segédige (Hungarian)
Property / prefLabel translation: segédige (Hungarian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: segédige (Hungarian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
hjálparsögn (Icelandic)
Property / prefLabel translation: hjálparsögn (Icelandic) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: hjálparsögn (Icelandic) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
ausiliare (Italian)
Property / prefLabel translation: ausiliare (Italian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: ausiliare (Italian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
palīga darbības vārds (Latvian)
Property / prefLabel translation: palīga darbības vārds (Latvian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: palīga darbības vārds (Latvian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
pagalbinis veiksmažodis (Lithuanian)
Property / prefLabel translation: pagalbinis veiksmažodis (Lithuanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: pagalbinis veiksmažodis (Lithuanian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Hëllefsverb (Luxembourgish)
Property / prefLabel translation: Hëllefsverb (Luxembourgish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Hëllefsverb (Luxembourgish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Помошен глагол (Macedonian)
Property / prefLabel translation: Помошен глагол (Macedonian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Помошен глагол (Macedonian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
verb awżiljarju (Maltese)
Property / prefLabel translation: verb awżiljarju (Maltese) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: verb awżiljarju (Maltese) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
hulpwerkwoord (Dutch)
Property / prefLabel translation: hulpwerkwoord (Dutch) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: hulpwerkwoord (Dutch) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Nynorsk)
Property / prefLabel translation: Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Nynorsk) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Nynorsk) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Bokmål)
Property / prefLabel translation: Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Bokmål) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Bokmål) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
czasownik posiłkowy (Polish)
Property / prefLabel translation: czasownik posiłkowy (Polish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: czasownik posiłkowy (Polish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
auxiliar (Portuguese)
Property / prefLabel translation: auxiliar (Portuguese) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: auxiliar (Portuguese) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
Verb auxiliar (Romanian)
Property / prefLabel translation: Verb auxiliar (Romanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: Verb auxiliar (Romanian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
вспомогательный глагол (Russian)
Property / prefLabel translation: вспомогательный глагол (Russian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: вспомогательный глагол (Russian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
pomocné sloveso (Slovak)
Property / prefLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Slovak) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: pomocné sloveso (Slovak) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
pomožni glagol (Slovenian)
Property / prefLabel translation: pomožni glagol (Slovenian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: pomožni glagol (Slovenian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
verbo auxiliar (Spanish)
Property / prefLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Spanish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Spanish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
folje ndihmëse (Albanian)
Property / prefLabel translation: folje ndihmëse (Albanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: folje ndihmëse (Albanian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
помоћни глагол (Serbian)
Property / prefLabel translation: помоћни глагол (Serbian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: помоћни глагол (Serbian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
hjälpverb (Swedish)
Property / prefLabel translation: hjälpverb (Swedish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: hjälpverb (Swedish) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
допоміжне дієслово (Ukrainian)
Property / prefLabel translation: допоміжне дієслово (Ukrainian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: допоміжне дієслово (Ukrainian) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
laguntzaile (Basque)
Property / prefLabel translation: laguntzaile (Basque) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: laguntzaile (Basque) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
pomoćni glagol (Montenegrin)
Property / prefLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Montenegrin) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Montenegrin) / qualifier
 
Property / prefLabel translation
 
aditz laguntzaile (Basque)
Property / prefLabel translation: aditz laguntzaile (Basque) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / prefLabel translation: aditz laguntzaile (Basque) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
auxiliaire (French)
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliaire (French) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliaire (French) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbes auxiliaires (French)
Property / altLabel translation: verbes auxiliaires (French) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbes auxiliaires (French) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
briathra cúnta (Irish)
Property / altLabel translation: briathra cúnta (Irish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: briathra cúnta (Irish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
briathar cúnta (Irish)
Property / altLabel translation: briathar cúnta (Irish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: briathar cúnta (Irish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
פעלי עזר (Hebrew)
Property / altLabel translation: פעלי עזר (Hebrew) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: פעלי עזר (Hebrew) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
פועל עזר (Hebrew)
Property / altLabel translation: פועל עזר (Hebrew) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: פועל עזר (Hebrew) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
pomoćni glagol (Croatian)
Property / altLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Croatian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: pomoćni glagol (Croatian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
kisegítő igék (Hungarian)
Property / altLabel translation: kisegítő igék (Hungarian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: kisegítő igék (Hungarian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
hjálparsagnorð (Icelandic)
Property / altLabel translation: hjálparsagnorð (Icelandic) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: hjálparsagnorð (Icelandic) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
tengd sagnir (Icelandic)
Property / altLabel translation: tengd sagnir (Icelandic) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: tengd sagnir (Icelandic) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
ausiliare (Italian)
Property / altLabel translation: ausiliare (Italian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: ausiliare (Italian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbo ausiliaro (Italian)
Property / altLabel translation: verbo ausiliaro (Italian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbo ausiliaro (Italian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
palīgdarbības vārdi (Latvian)
Property / altLabel translation: palīgdarbības vārdi (Latvian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: palīgdarbības vārdi (Latvian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
papildu darbības vārds (Latvian)
Property / altLabel translation: papildu darbības vārds (Latvian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: papildu darbības vārds (Latvian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
помошен глагол (Macedonian)
Property / altLabel translation: помошен глагол (Macedonian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: помошен глагол (Macedonian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
awżiljarju verb (Maltese)
Property / altLabel translation: awżiljarju verb (Maltese) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: awżiljarju verb (Maltese) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbi awżiljarji (Maltese)
Property / altLabel translation: verbi awżiljarji (Maltese) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbi awżiljarji (Maltese) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
hulpwerkwoorden (Dutch)
Property / altLabel translation: hulpwerkwoorden (Dutch) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: hulpwerkwoorden (Dutch) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
hjelpesystemer verb (Norwegian Bokmål)
Property / altLabel translation: hjelpesystemer verb (Norwegian Bokmål) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: hjelpesystemer verb (Norwegian Bokmål) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
słowo posiłkowe (Polish)
Property / altLabel translation: słowo posiłkowe (Polish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: słowo posiłkowe (Polish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
czasownik pomocniczy (Polish)
Property / altLabel translation: czasownik pomocniczy (Polish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: czasownik pomocniczy (Polish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbo auxiliar (Portuguese)
Property / altLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Portuguese) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbo auxiliar (Portuguese) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verb ajutător (Romanian)
Property / altLabel translation: verb ajutător (Romanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verb ajutător (Romanian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
auxiliar verb (Romanian)
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar verb (Romanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar verb (Romanian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
вспомога́тельный глаго́л (Russian)
Property / altLabel translation: вспомога́тельный глаго́л (Russian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: вспомога́тельный глаго́л (Russian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
вспомогательного глагола (Russian)
Property / altLabel translation: вспомогательного глагола (Russian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: вспомогательного глагола (Russian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
auxiliar (Spanish)
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar (Spanish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar (Spanish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbos auxiliares (Spanish)
Property / altLabel translation: verbos auxiliares (Spanish) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbos auxiliares (Spanish) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
foljeve ndihmëse (Albanian)
Property / altLabel translation: foljeve ndihmëse (Albanian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: foljeve ndihmëse (Albanian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
помоћне глаголе (Serbian)
Property / altLabel translation: помоћне глаголе (Serbian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: помоћне глаголе (Serbian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
помоћни глагол (Serbian)
Property / altLabel translation: помоћни глагол (Serbian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: помоћни глагол (Serbian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
допоміжних дієслів (Ukrainian)
Property / altLabel translation: допоміжних дієслів (Ukrainian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: допоміжних дієслів (Ukrainian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
допоміжного дієслова (Ukrainian)
Property / altLabel translation: допоміжного дієслова (Ukrainian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: допоміжного дієслова (Ukrainian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbo ausiliare (Italian)
Property / altLabel translation: verbo ausiliare (Italian) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbo ausiliare (Italian) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
verbum auxiliare (Dutch)
Property / altLabel translation: verbum auxiliare (Dutch) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: verbum auxiliare (Dutch) / qualifier
 
Property / altLabel translation
 
auxiliar (Galician)
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar (Galician) / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / altLabel translation: auxiliar (Galician) / qualifier
 
Property / term with homograph label
 
Property / term with homograph label: auxiliary / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / member of collection
 
Property / member of collection: lexinfo 3.0 / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / member of collection: lexinfo 3.0 / reference
 
Property / external equivalent entity
 
Property / external equivalent entity: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#Auxiliary / rank
 
Normal rank

Latest revision as of 20:21, 23 August 2023

a term
  • auxiliary verb
Language Label Description Also known as
English
auxiliary
a term
  • auxiliary verb

Statements

0 references
0 references
0 references
formal auxilliary verbs
1 reference
360
LexBib en/es 07-2022
0 references
21 August 2021
0 references
спомагателен глагол (Bulgarian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
auxiliar (Catalan)
COMPLETED
0 references
pomocné sloveso (Czech)
0 references
hjælpeverbum (Danish)
COMPLETED
0 references
Hilfsverb (German)
COMPLETED
0 references
βοηθητικό (Greek)
COMPLETED
0 references
abitegusõna (Estonian)
COMPLETED
0 references
apuverbi (Finnish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbe auxiliaire (French)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
Briathar cúnta (Irish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbo auxiliar (Galician)
COMPLETED
0 references
פועל עזר (Hebrew)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
pomoćni glagol (Croatian)
0 references
segédige (Hungarian)
COMPLETED
0 references
hjálparsögn (Icelandic)
0 references
ausiliare (Italian)
COMPLETED
0 references
palīga darbības vārds (Latvian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
pagalbinis veiksmažodis (Lithuanian)
COMPLETED
0 references
Hëllefsverb (Luxembourgish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
Помошен глагол (Macedonian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verb awżiljarju (Maltese)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
hulpwerkwoord (Dutch)
COMPLETED
0 references
Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Nynorsk)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
Hjelpeverb (Norwegian Bokmål)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
czasownik posiłkowy (Polish)
COMPLETED
0 references
auxiliar (Portuguese)
0 references
Verb auxiliar (Romanian)
COMPLETED
0 references
вспомогательный глагол (Russian)
COMPLETED
0 references
pomocné sloveso (Slovak)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
pomožni glagol (Slovenian)
COMPLETED
0 references
verbo auxiliar (Spanish)
COMPLETED
0 references
folje ndihmëse (Albanian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
помоћни глагол (Serbian)
COMPLETED
0 references
hjälpverb (Swedish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
допоміжне дієслово (Ukrainian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
laguntzaile (Basque)
COMPLETED
0 references
pomoćni glagol (Montenegrin)
COMPLETED
0 references
aditz laguntzaile (Basque)
COMPLETED
0 references
спомагателни глаголи (Bulgarian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbs auxiliars (Catalan)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verb auxiliar (Catalan)
COMPLETED
0 references
pomocné sloveso (Czech)
0 references
hjælpeudsagnsord (Danish)
COMPLETED
0 references
ekstra verber (Danish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
Auxiliar (German)
COMPLETED
0 references
βοηθητικό ρήμα (Greek)
COMPLETED
0 references
abiverb (Estonian)
COMPLETED
0 references
apuverbejä (Finnish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
auxiliaire (French)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbes auxiliaires (French)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
briathra cúnta (Irish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
briathar cúnta (Irish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
פעלי עזר (Hebrew)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
פועל עזר (Hebrew)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
pomoćni glagol (Croatian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
kisegítő igék (Hungarian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
hjálparsagnorð (Icelandic)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
tengd sagnir (Icelandic)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
ausiliare (Italian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbo ausiliaro (Italian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
palīgdarbības vārdi (Latvian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
papildu darbības vārds (Latvian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
помошен глагол (Macedonian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
awżiljarju verb (Maltese)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbi awżiljarji (Maltese)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
hulpwerkwoorden (Dutch)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
hjelpesystemer verb (Norwegian Bokmål)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
słowo posiłkowe (Polish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
czasownik pomocniczy (Polish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbo auxiliar (Portuguese)
0 references
verb ajutător (Romanian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
auxiliar verb (Romanian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
вспомога́тельный глаго́л (Russian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
вспомогательного глагола (Russian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
auxiliar (Spanish)
COMPLETED
0 references
verbos auxiliares (Spanish)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
foljeve ndihmëse (Albanian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
помоћне глаголе (Serbian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
помоћни глагол (Serbian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
допоміжних дієслів (Ukrainian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
допоміжного дієслова (Ukrainian)
AUTOMATIC
0 references
verbo ausiliare (Italian)
COMPLETED
0 references
verbum auxiliare (Dutch)
COMPLETED
0 references
auxiliar (Galician)
COMPLETED
0 references