LexMeta

LexMeta, a metadata model for lexical resources

LexMeta follows the three-level entity hierarchy for the representation of artistic or creative endavour proposed in the FRBR ontology, widely used in libraries, which we map to the two-level hierarchy for the representation of LCR metadata proposed in Metashare, from where we inherit the terminology, and the definitions. These hierarchy levels, expressed as classes, are the following:

FRBR class	Metashare class	LexMeta class	MetaShare definition
frbr:Work		Lexicographic work	[An abstract notion of a creation; used to group different expressions (editions, versions) of the same work, and address statements that apply on work level.]
frbr:Expression	ms:LexicalConceptualResource	LexicalConceptualResource	A resource organised on the basis of lexical or conceptual entries (lexical items, terms, concepts, etc.) with their supplementary information (e.g., grammatical, semantic, statistical information, etc.)
frbr:Manifestation	ms:DatasetDistribution	LCR Distribution	Any form with which a dataset is distributed, such as a downloadable form in a specific format (e.g., spreadsheet, plain text, etc.) or an API with which it can be accessed

The entity Schemata for LexMeta LCR and LCR Distributions are aligned to those of the corresponding FRBR and Metashare classes (in other words, the LexBib class is a subclass of both). This has several implications:

• Properties that describe LCR content are attached to items of class LexicalConceptualResource.
• Properties that describe the LCR distribution, e.g. a physical dictionay in book form, or an electronic dictionary in a dictionary web portal or as downloadable dataset, are attached to LCR Distribution items.
• LCR Distribution items, when they have publication metadata as books have, are LexBib Zotero items, i.e. in LexBib wikibase, members of class LexBib BibItem. This applies mainly for book publications, and distributions on CD-ROM. But also online electronic dictionaries are collected in library information systems and can have publication metadata, and can exist as LexBib Zotero items. Publication metadata properties are described in the BIBO ontology (RDF), and Zotero item data fields map to BIBO.
• A dictionary with the same contents in printed form, on CD-ROM, available in a mobile app, or downloadable in different serialization formats (XML, JSON, etc.) will be represented as the same resource (LexicalConceptualResource) with different distributions (LCR Distribution).
• Different versions, editions, conversions, summaries, etc., of a lexicographic work will be represented as different LexicalConceptualResource items, being able to describe relations between these using properties defined in Metashare.

Description of lexical-conceptual resources (LCR) such as dictionaries

LexMeta provides categories for classifying dictionaries and other lexical resources, here called properties attached to LCR. Property ranges are defined as listed in the following table. Click on the class names to see the member terms in a hierarchical representation.

LexBib property	Property label	LexBib Range	Wikidata	LexMeta	LexMeta Range	Definition
P2	wikidata entity
P5	instance of	Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)	wd:P31
Dictionary Sructure and Type
P151	lemma type	Lemma Type (Q50)
P115	linguality type	Linguality Type (Q37)		ms:lingualityType
P119	lexicographical process type	Lexicographical Process Type (Q42)		ms:creationMode ??
P90	dictionary scope type	Dictionary Scope (Q35)		ms:contentType ??
P120	dictionary function type	Dictionary Function Type (Q44)		NOT ms:userType
P121	dictionary access type	Access Structure Type (Q39)
P152	dictionary text part	Dictionary Text Part (Q52)
P127	microstructure feature	Microstructure Feature (Q51)		ms:linguisticInformation
P55	has distribution	LCR Distribution (Q24)		ms:distribution
P150	source language	Language (Q8)
P134	target language	Language (Q8)
P56	object language	Language (Q8)		ms:language
P122	metalanguage	Language (Q8)		ms:metalanguage
Providence
P12	author	Person (Q5)	wd:P50	ms:resourceCreator
P13	editor	Person (Q5)	wd:P98	ms:isEditedby
P6	title		wd:P1476	ms:resourceName
P97	short title			ms:resourceShortName
P15	publication date		wd:P577	ms:publicationDate
P35	publisher			ms:resourceProvider
<TBD>	publication place	Place (Q9)
Relations to other LCR
P135		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:replaces
P133		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isVersionOf
P125		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isPartOf
P136		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isSimilarTo
P137		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isRelatedToLR
P138		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isExactMatchWith
P139		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isPartWith
P140		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isContinuationOf
P141		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isConvertedVersionOf
P142		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:hasOriginalSource
P143		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:hasPart
P144		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:hasVersion
P145		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isCombinedWith
P63		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isContinuedBy
P124		Lexical Conceptual Resource (Q4)		ms:isReplacedWith

Description of LCR distributions, such as printed or electronic dictionaries

Manuscript, printed, and offline and online electronic dictionaries, as distributions are represented using the same set of properties as for LexBib metalexicographical articles. They can also be listed in LexBib Zotero.

LexBib property	Property label	Range	Wikidata equiv.	BIBO equiv.	LexMeta equiv.	Definition
P100	bibitem type	BibItem Type (Q21)
P91	distribution type	Dictionary Distribution Type (Q43)			ms:distributionForm
P16	LexBib Zotero item	external ID
P2	wikidata entity	external ID
P5	instance of	LexBib Ontology Class (Q2)	wd:P31
P6	title	monolingualtext	wd:P1476	dct:title
P9	containing BibCollection	BibCollection (Q12)
P11	publication language	Language (Q8)	wd:P407	dct:language
P12	author	Person (Q5)	wd:P50	bibo:authorList
P13	editor	Person (Q5)	wd:P98	bibo:editorList
P15	publication date	time object	wd:P577	dct:date
P35	publisher	Agent (Q14)
<TBD>	publication place	Place (Q9)	wd:P291
P17	DOI	external ID	wd:P356	bibo:doi
P18	ISBN-13	external ID	wd:P212	bibo:isbn13
P19	ISBN-10	external ID	wd:P957	bibo:isbn10
P20	ISSN	external ID	wd:P236	bibo:issn
P21	distribution location	url	wd:P953		ms:distributionLocation
P44	official website	url	wd:P856
P111	BibCollection landing page	url
P112	access location	url			ms:accessLocation
P113	download location	url			ms:downloadLocation
P22	volume	string	wd:P478	bibo:volume
P23	issue	string	wd:P433	bibo:issue
P24	page(s)	string	wd:P304	bibo:pages
P29	first author location	Place (Q9)
P36	event	Event (Q6)
P64	edition number	string	wd:P393
P85	Elexifinder collection	string
P97	short title
P27	subject	Term (Q7)		dct:subject
P26	is reviewed in	Review Article (Q15)		schema:review
P25	is review of	BibItem (Q3)	wd:P6977	bibo:reviewOf
P147	cites	BibItem (Q3)	wd:P2860	bibo:cites